I am reading a book at the moment called ‘Researching with integrity‘ by Bruce Macfarlane. The book starts out by critiquing usual rule-based codes of ethics in research which have been derived from bioethics. It goes on to suggest that a focus on moral virtues can be helpful to a range of academic disciplines. Crucially, virtues need to be lived out (in spite of the complexities, dilemmas and tensions that arise) on an every day basis. They are not just words to be repeated as a mantra or a checklist to adhere to.
Integrity in research then is a set of virtues and Macfarlane spends the book unpacking what virtues (and associated vices) are important to integrity in research. It paints the image of navigating a balancing act – avoiding the vices associated with extremes whilst remaining true to the virtues.
There is a table (on page 42) which lists six virtues each of which comes to the fore at a different ‘phase of research’. I’ve adapted the table slightly to include below:
Virtue |
Associated Vice (when in deficit) |
Associated Vice (when in excess) |
Courage |
Cowardice |
Recklessness |
Respectfulness |
Manipulativeness |
Partiality |
Resoluteness |
Laziness |
Inflexibility |
Sincerity |
Concealment |
Exaggeration |
Humility |
Boastfulness |
Timidity |
Reflexivity |
Dogmatism |
Indecisiveness |
Needless to say I am finding the book useful as a ‘novice’ researcher, struggling with the structure and expectations of research ethics committee. But the book also led me to wonder whether the idea of virtues (and its associated vices) could be applied to other professional practices.
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